Sah, S., & Fugh-Berman, A. (2013). Physicians under the influence: Social psychology and industry marketing strategies.

Physicians often believe that a conscious commitment to ethical behavior and professionalism will protect them from industry influence. Despite increasing concern over the extent of physician-industry relationships, physicians usually fail to recognize the nature and impact of subconscious and unintentional biases on therapeutic decision-making. Pharmaceutical and medical device companies, however, routinely demonstrate their knowledge of social psychology processes on behavior and apply these principles to their marketing. To illustrate how pharmaceutical marketing strategies use psychological techniques to promote targeted therapies, we draw on the relevant social psychology literature on conflicts of interest and on the six principles of influence articulated by the eminent social psychologist Robert Cialdini. Hospitals, professional organizations, medical educators, and other stakeholders must also draw on social psychology to respond effectively to commercial activities that compromise good medical practice.

  • Translated into Spanish and reprinted in: Gaceta de Psiquiatría Universitaria (2013), 9(4), 427-435

  • Special issue on Institutional Corruption and the Pharmaceutical Industry

  • Top Ten Download List, 2014 and 2015, Social Science Research Network

Sah S, Fugh-Berman A. Physicians under the Influence: Social Psychology and Industry Marketing Strategies. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 2013;41(3):665-672. doi:10.1111/jlme.12076

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Sah, S., & Loewenstein, G. (2014). Nothing to declare: Mandatory and voluntary disclosure leads advisors to avoid conflicts of interest.

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Sah S., Loewenstein G., Cain D. (2013). The burden of disclosure: increased compliance with distrusted advice